Experiencing a vacation in the mountains can be awe-inspiring, whether you’re enjoying the snowy landscape at a ski resort or embracing the warm weather while hiking. However, it’s important to recognize the challenges that come with elevated altitudes. “As you reach higher altitudes, the oxygen level drops,” explained Dr. William K. Cornwell, who serves as an associate professor of cardiology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora. He emphasized that should an individual have health concerns or heart disease risk factors, ascending to high altitudes could amplify the dangers.
Before canceling plans for a mountain escape, individuals can take preventive measures. Proper planning and allowing time for physical acclimatization can effectively mitigate altitude-related health risks. Observing how your body responds to high altitudes is essential, especially as many individuals transition abruptly from low to elevated elevations, often without realizing the physical adjustments required.
According to Dr. Jennifer Dow, an emergency medicine expert at Alaska Regional Hospital in Anchorage, travelers arriving by plane may not notice the changes. “They might not experience ear popping or see signs marking their altitude changes,” Dow shared, highlighting the importance of being mindful of these differences. Though the atmosphere is consistently comprised of about 21% oxygen, the air’s decreased density at higher altitudes results in fewer oxygen molecules per breath. For instance, at 5,000 feet, oxygen availability feels closer to 17.3%, while at 10,000 feet, the level drops to 14.3%.
The body’s capability to absorb oxygen diminishes as altitude increases, particularly after approximately 4,900 feet, where efficiency drops by about 1% every 330 feet gained. Cornwell explained that the body relies heavily on oxygen for various functions, from facilitating respiration to pumping oxygen-rich blood through the circulatory system. This reduced oxygen triggers a stress response in the body, which can strain the cardiovascular system. An increase in heart rate, heightened breathing, and decreased initial blood pressure can lead to fainting for those unacclimatized.
Individuals with pre-existing heart issues might experience worsened symptoms due to lower oxygen levels, possibly facing serious consequences like chest pain or increased risk of complications. Moreover, sudden cardiac deaths get reported frequently at altitude, especially on the first day of being at high elevations, which can be dramatically reduced by allowing adequate acclimatization time.
While the American Heart Association defines “high” altitude as starting above 9,840 feet, Dow noted that altitude impacts may vary significantly among individuals. She added that effects can be felt even at modest altitudes like Lake Tahoe, which stands at 6,200 feet. Those who usually inhabit higher altitudes may not be entirely immune to the challenges of strenuous activity when traveling to even higher elevations, and health risks remain pertinent for anyone engaging in physically demanding tasks after sudden shifts in altitude.
To prepare for mountainous adventures, travelers should follow health guidelines. Consulting with a healthcare professional can help assess whether one is fit for high-altitude activities, especially for those dealing with heart-related issues. Adjustments in medication might also be required, as certain drugs can lessen the body’s response to decreasing oxygen.
Acclimatization plays a critical role in reducing potential complications. Cornwell suggests allowing a day for the body to adapt to higher altitudes, encouraging a gradual approach rather than rushing into activities like skiing or hiking. A common mistake is flying into Denver and heading straight for ski resorts, which can lead to hospital visits for altitude-related complications.
Taking time to acclimatize facilitates adjustments in blood pressure and improves the body’s ability to retain oxygen. Though younger individuals may bounce back quickly, everyone should take it easy initially to avoid acute mountain sickness, which can involve symptoms such as headaches and nausea. Using fitness trackers can help monitor how well the body is adjusting to changes in altitude.
Hydration is also crucial while at high altitudes, as dry conditions can lead to increased fluid loss through respiration. Dow stressed the importance of drinking ample water but cautioned against alcohol consumption, which can exacerbate symptoms of altitude sickness and mask serious conditions like high-altitude cerebral edema.
Travelers should prepare for emergencies, recognizing that remote areas may lack immediate access to medical care, and bad weather can disrupt travel plans. It’s advisable to know the location of the nearest medical facility and have an evacuation plan ready.
Finally, it’s vital to watch out for fellow travelers. Keeping communication open about any physical changes can be lifesaving, as altitude sickness symptoms can manifest subtly and may require prompt attention.
These recommendations aim to encourage safe and enjoyable mountain excursions, allowing individuals to make informed decisions and manage risks effectively while benefiting from the beauty of nature.
