Muslims across the globe are preparing to mark the end of the sacred month of Ramadan with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr. This holiday, recognized for its joyous atmosphere, is traditionally observed with communal prayers, family reunions, social gatherings, excursions, and often the wearing of new attire.
In some regions, the celebration coincides with significant changes within their communities. In Gaza, this year’s Eid al-Fitr follows closely on the heels of the ongoing conflict with Israel. This marks the second Eid since the deterioration of the fragile ceasefire that began with intense strikes from Israel, targeting Hamas in Gaza, and resulting in numerous casualties. The decision to resume hostilities came after failed negotiations between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Hamas, which included demands for the release of half of the hostages remaining from an earlier conflict. The renewed violence disrupted what had begun as a peaceful Ramadan under a tenuous peace.
The situation has been dire, with Gaza’s Health Ministry reporting a substantial loss of life due to the military campaign. This escalation traces back to a significant event in October 2023, when militant attacks led by Hamas on Israel resulted in a large number of casualties and hostages.
Over in the Middle East, Syrian citizens are experiencing their first Eid al-Fitr without the overarching rule of the Assad family. This transition from long-standing presidential governance by Bashar Assad came with both relief for many and fresh episodes of violence, complicating the change for the nation.
In the United States, some proponents of Palestinian rights connected to American universities find themselves ensnared in immigration crackdowns.
To understand Eid al-Fitr, it’s a festival signifying the conclusion of Ramadan, a month marked by Muslims fasting daily from dawn to dusk. Ramadan emphasizes spiritual reflection, acts of charity, and goodwill, culminating in Eid, which translates to the festival of breaking the fast.
The timing of Eid al-Fitr is determined by the lunar calendar, shifting annually, and this year it is projected to commence around March 30, though this varies globally.
Common greetings exchanged during this time include “Eid Mubarak” and “Happy Eid,” embodying wishes for a blessed and joyful Eid.
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated with various customs around the world. In Indonesia, many engage in “mudik,” a tradition where individuals travel back to their hometowns to be with family. This mass movement sees heavy traffic as people flood transportation systems to unite with their loved ones.
Shopping sprees are common prior to the holiday, with bustling markets filled with people purchasing new clothes, shoes, and sweets. In Malaysia, similar homecoming traditions occur, beginning with morning prayers, seeking forgiveness from loved ones, and honoring family members who have passed by visiting their graves. The “open house” spirit pervades, with shared visits among friends and family who indulge in traditional foods like ketupat and rendang.
Older family members customarily give children and visitors money in green packets, a gesture of goodwill. In Egypt, families participate in Eid prayers against a backdrop of festivity, with many opting to visit relatives or take short vacations. Children delight in receiving “eidiya,” cash gifts intended to bring them joy.
Egyptian households often make or purchase special cookies sprinkled with powdered sugar, a staple of the celebrations.
In the U.S., where Muslims form a diverse minority, the occasion is marked by communal prayers and events featuring entertaining activities for families, including face painting and balloon twisting.