In a significant breakthrough for wildlife conservation, a recent genetic study has brought to light a larger and more vibrant population of Asian elephants in northern Cambodia than previously estimated. The findings, published on Thursday, offer renewed optimism for the eventual recovery of this endangered species.
Conservationists from the Fauna & Flora organization undertook a meticulous process, collecting elephant dung samples across Cambodia’s northern plains to extract DNA. This scientific endeavor allowed them to identify individual elephants, gauge the size of the population, ascertain the sex of the elephants, and assess the genetic diversity within the group.
The research concluded that 51 elephants inhabit the Prey Lang, Preah Roka, and Chhaeb Wildlife Sanctuaries. Notably, these elephants boast greater genetic diversity, a crucial aspect for ensuring their long-term survival, compared to those in two other regions. The study highlights that with enough suitable habitat remaining, this population could thrive if afforded the proper protection.
Currently, it is believed that between 400 to 600 Asian elephants remain in Cambodia’s wild landscapes. The study’s revelations induce optimism that the northern area surveyed could evolve into a “national stronghold” for elephants, which aligns with Cambodia’s bio-conservation aspirations.
Habitat degradation poses a severe threat, especially when it results in habitat fragmentation, as emphasized by Pablo Sinovas, director of Fauna & Flora in Cambodia. The study promises a solid foundation for ongoing conservation strategies and landscape management efforts.
Conducted in partnership with the Cambodian Environment Ministry and financially supported by USAID and the People’s Postcode Lottery, the research utilized genetic testing facilities at the Royal University of Phnom Penh, with assistance from the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. Although the study was carried out in the 2020-21 dry season, it is assumed that the elephant population has remained fairly constant due to their slow reproduction rate.
Encouraged by the success, researchers aspire to replicate this study both elsewhere in Cambodia and neighboring countries like Vietnam, where elephants currently exist in fragmented populations. Alex Ball, the conservation manager at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, expressed delight at the study’s unexpected positive results.
The ultimate aim is to expand such methodologies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Asian elephant populations, thereby aiding efforts to reverse their decline and conserve these magnificent creatures.
