In Damascus, Syria, a contrasting scene unfolded as some restaurants and cafés closed, while others continued operations as observant Muslims began their daytime fasting for Ramadan. This marks the first Ramadan since the cessation of the Assad family’s long-standing governance due to the country’s conflict.
The Ministry of Religious Endowments reportedly suggested that eateries and cafés should cease operations during the fasting hours, urging citizens to avoid public eating and drinking. Noncompliance might result in penalties, including potential jail time of up to three months. However, it remains unclear if there was an official enforcement order from the government.
Journalists in Damascus observed that certain coffee shops were operational albeit discreetly, with closed windows concealing patrons from the public view.
In December, militias spearheaded by the Islamist faction Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) toppled President Bashar Assad’s secular regime, concluding the Assad family’s 54-year rule. Under the leadership of former insurgent figure Ahmad al-Sharaa, Syria has transitioned to a government grounded in Islamic principles. This change sparked concerns about the country potentially evolving into a strict Islamic state, although current promises have been made to honor the rights of religious minorities.
During the Assad era, eating publicly during Ramadan was permitted despite the fasting customs requiring abstention from dawn to dusk. This year, however, many Syrians prefer to steer clear of public dining due to apprehension of repercussions.
In a televised announcement, interim Minister of Religious Affairs, Hussam Haj-Hussein, remarked, “This year’s Ramadan has a different essence, symbolizing victory and freedom.”
Globally, countries such as Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Kuwait also observed the start of Ramadan on Saturday, with others like Malaysia and Japan, along with some Shiite populations, beginning their fast a day later.
This Ramadan season carries a mixed sentiment in various regions. In Lebanon, it arrives following the end of a 14-month conflict with Israel, halted by a ceasefire facilitated by the United States in November. Meanwhile, in the Gaza Strip, citizens are experiencing Ramadan amid demolished homes, with a fragile ceasefire with Israel close to completing its initial phase.
A local in Damascus, Munir Abdallah, commented on the changing landscape by stating, “With the regime’s downfall this year, strict measures are enforced against breaking fast in public – this ensures the sanctity of Ramadan is comprehensively respected.”
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, revolves around seasonal shifts, and its initiation depends traditionally on the lunar crescent sighting, though practices differ globally due to varying sighting methods and declarations from Islamic authorities.
The daily fast concludes with the iftar meal at sunset, typically a gathering moment for family and friends. Prior to the fast, Muslims consume a pre-dawn meal, known as “suhoor,” to prepare for the day ahead.
Islamic and charity groups play a crucial role during Ramadan by offering meals for less fortunate individuals. In Baghdad, the Sheikh Abdulqadir al Gailani Mosque, led by Imam Bashar al Mashhadani, is distributing 1,000 complimentary meals daily for those breaking their fast.
The holy month ends with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, one of Islam’s most significant festivals.
