GOMA, Congo — On Wednesday, rebel forces with support from Rwanda overtook several towns in eastern Congo, pushing beyond the significant city of Goma in what appears to be a strategy to extend their influence in this war-torn area of the country.
Reports from local civil society representatives and aid workers, who requested anonymity to discuss sensitive events, indicate that the advancing rebels have captured multiple communities, including Kalungu, Kanyezire, and Mukwinja. The developments are raising alarms about a possible long-term occupation by these rebels, who aim to establish a new governing body in Goma, a city with a population of around 2 million.
U.N. spokesperson Stephane Dujarric expressed concern regarding the escalating situation and announced that the organization was implementing measures to ensure the safety of civilians and U.N. personnel. The violence echoes the grim memories of the late 1990s and early 2000s, which saw millions lose their lives, according to the Crisis Group, an organization focused on conflict resolution.
During their earlier insurrection in 2012, the rebels had briefly taken control of Goma, only to withdraw after facing international backlash aimed primarily at Rwanda. In a related development, Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi was noticeably absent from a virtual summit of regional East African leaders, reportedly opting to visit Angola, which played a role in mediating a ceasefire between Congo and Rwanda last year. Tshisekedi was expected to consult with Angolan President João Lourenço about the deteriorating circumstances in eastern Congo.
Amid the rebel surge, Congolese soldiers—many of whom are foreign mercenaries—were seen surrendering their weapons at the border with Rwanda. The Congolese armed forces appeared disorganized and unprepared for substantial confrontations, leading to growing concern regarding their ability to combat the advancing rebels. A spokesperson for the rebels noted that nearly 300 foreign mercenaries have returned home after laying down their arms.
Willy Ngoma, the spokesman for M23, the rebel group, reassured the residents of Goma, stating, “Let the people of Goma be calm, peace is here.” However, it’s worth noting that Ngoma’s name is listed on a U.N. Security Council sanctions register due to his involvement in various atrocities committed by the rebels. A despondent surrendered soldier noted, “It’s like you are fighting without command,” reflecting the disarray among the Congolese forces.
Eastern Congo has long been a battleground for armed groups vying for control of its rich mineral resources—essential components in global technologies. Fighting reignited this week with the M23 rebels reporting substantial territorial gains, including much of Goma.
As conflicts ensue, many residents of Goma are attempting to evacuate, with some fleeing deeper into Congo for safety while others attempt to cross into Rwanda. Rwandan border patrol officers processed the belongings of incoming refugees, who arrived visibly exhausted yet relieved to be in safer territories. The Rwandan Red Cross stepped in to provide aid to those displaced by the violence.
In a dramatic turn of events, rebels have reportedly taken charge of Goma’s airport, raising fears about the breakdown of law and order in the city, especially amidst a growing availability of weapons. While some areas of Goma are relatively calm, others continued to experience clashes, as unpredictable violence surged through neighborhoods.
Tshisekedi was expected to make a statement addressing the nation later that day, marking his first public comments since the rebels’ recent takeover of Goma. The enduring conflict stems from a history of ethnic disputes; M23 alleges it is protecting Congolese Tutsis from Hutu elements, which relate back to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Analysts caution that the core conflict is rooted in the control of Congo’s vast mineral wealth, valued at around $24 trillion.
Observers have indicated that the prospect of a smooth withdrawal of rebel forces has grown increasingly unlikely, with M23 seemingly preparing for a long-term presence in the region. Their intentions to establish governance and facilitate the return of displaced citizens signal an evolving crisis.
Regional reactions have varied, with some leaders taking firm stances. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa condemned the involvement of the “Rwanda Defense Force militia” and asserted the need for respect for Congolese sovereignty. He affirmed that South African peacekeepers would remain adequately equipped in their mission.
Conversely, highlights from Rwandan leadership indicate ongoing discussions around ceasing hostilities and addressing the underlying issues driving the conflict. Kenya Airways announced the cancellation of all flights to Kinshasa following violent incidents involving the looting of several foreign embassies in the capital, highlighting the escalating situation.
