In an era marked by widespread complaints about division in both politics and society, the argument for increased discourse might seem paradoxical. Yet, in her thought-provoking work, “Open Socrates: The Case for a Philosophical Life,” Agnes Callard presents a compelling case for why engaging in arguments is essential. She argues that philosophy is not a passive activity but one that necessitates active participation, dialogue, and the willingness to acknowledge one’s own mistakes.

Callard provides a guide on how to approach complex discussions surrounding themes like love, politics, and mortality through the lens of the ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates. Rather than offering a simple introduction to Socratic thought, her book challenges readers intellectually and encourages them to delve deeply into philosophical questions. Although it may require a significant investment of time and mental energy, the rewards of reconsidering one’s perspectives on philosophy and life make the journey worthwhile.

The author emphasizes that thinking should not be synonymous with withdrawing from conversations or shying away from disagreements. Callard posits that true contemplation emerges from interactions with others, echoing Socratic principles, which often include engaging in debates. She firmly believes that embracing discomfort is key to philosophical thought. “Thinking occurs during those challenging moments when you allow others to seep into your private mental space to offer corrections,” she articulates.

Furthermore, Callard asserts that the philosophical discussions inspired by Socrates demand a collaborative spirit rather than a competitive one. It’s crucial for participants to acknowledge their own faults and learn from one another. This lesson resonates particularly strongly in her discussion of politics, where she dedicates two chapters to applying Socratic methods to contemporary political discourse—especially relevant in light of the previous year’s election outcomes. As she aptly puts it, “we coexist because we engage in shared thought.”