In a landmark moment for Japan’s space endeavors, the nation’s H-2A rocket embarked on its final mission, successfully launching a climate change monitoring satellite from the Tanegashima Space Center. This launch marked the end of the H-2A’s illustrious career as it is set to be succeeded by the new H3 rocket, which aims to enhance Japan’s competitiveness in the global space market with its cost-effective design.
The H-2A rocket, lifting off amidst anticipation, carried the GOSAT-GW satellite, a crucial component in Japan’s strategy to address climate change by tracking greenhouse gases. Just 16 minutes post-launch, the satellite successfully separated from the rocket, settling into its planned orbit. The launch, initially delayed due to an issue with the rocket’s electrical system, was met with jubilant celebrations amongst the team of scientists and officials who monitored the event closely from the control room.
Keiji Suzuki, a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries executive overseeing the rocket operations, expressed his sense of relief by stating that he had been particularly anxious about this final mission which has been the crux of his career. With the H-2A’s retirement, Japan will transition to using the H3 as its primary launch vehicle—a model already in operation and poised to be the cornerstone of Japan’s future in space exploration. This rocket aims to be not only technologically advanced but also more affordable, to meet the increasing demands of the global satellite market.
Reflecting on the H-2A’s legacy, Hiroshi Yamakawa, head of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), shared the emotional connection that the team holds with the rocket, underscoring its significance in Japan’s space narrative. In a span of over two decades, the H-2A executed 50 flights with a remarkable 98% success rate, missing its mark only once in 2003. Since 2007, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has managed its launch operations, ensuring the rocket’s dependable track record.
The GOSAT-GW satellite, the latest in a series dedicated to monitoring atmospheric gasses like carbon and methane, is set to enhance global understanding of climate patterns. Within the next year, it is expected to begin supplying high-resolution data regarding sea surface temperatures and precipitation to international users, including the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
This satellite launch also represents a continuity of achievements for the H-2A, having previously launched notable missions, including Japan’s moon lander and the acclaimed Hayabusa2 mission to an asteroid. These contributions have been vital in establishing Japan’s expertise and credibility in space explorations.
As the H-2A phase concludes, resources will redirect toward perfecting the H3, as Suzuki noted. Japan is committed to enhancing its space transport capabilities, viewing it as essential for both national security and a robust space program. Alongside the H3, Japan is also developing the smaller Epsilon system, designed by IHI, to offer versatile options to meet various consumer requirements in the satellite launch sector.
The H3 aims to increase payload capacity and reduce launch costs compared to the H-2A. Although still needing further cost reductions to remain globally competitive, the H3 has already demonstrated its reliability with four consecutive successful launches following an initial setback in 2023. This progress underscores Japan’s dedication to maintaining its stake in the rapidly evolving space industry and catering to an increasing range of satellite launch demands worldwide.