In Damascus, Syria, the Umayyad Mosque has long been a place for reflection and prayer, but with the fall of the Assad family’s rule, it has transformed into a symbol of newfound freedom. Sahar Diab, a Syrian lawyer, noted a sense of relief during her prayers this Ramadan, feeling the liberation from past restrictions on speech. However, this time of spiritual renewal is shadowed by fresh violence plaguing Syria. Recent clashes outside of Damascus have deepened sectarian tensions, marking some of the most severe violence since Bashar Assad’s ousting by insurgents led by the Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) last December.
The current Ramadan season unfolds against the backdrop of Syria’s 14-year civil war anniversary, a conflict that began with protests against the Assad regime, which devolved into a brutal and sectarian civil war. Although offers of opportunity and hope are emerging, they coexist with a landscape of fear and violence.
For many, like Sahar Diab, this is a time for rebuilding and purging past corruption, but uncertainty remains. The historic Umayyad Mosque now hosts prayers free from regime censorship, although recent sermons have taken on a fiery tone, celebrating their cause against Assad. Such sentiments resonate deeply with people who experienced repression under the Assad regime.
Damascus streets now display the new three-starred flag—a former symbol of Assad’s opposition—while victory signs herald a renewed sense of freedom. Yet, reminders of the past remain. Areas around Damascus still bear the scars of war, with remnants of devastation and a populace enduring lengthy separations due to mass displacement.
The month, traditionally characterized by communal harmony, is marred by continuing conflict in Syria’s coastal regions. Violence broke out involving attacks by Assad loyalists and counterattacks, resulting in significant civilian casualties—according to monitoring groups and rights organizations. The violence, especially affecting the Alawite community, has reignited concerns about safety and minority rights within Syria’s new power dynamics.
Amidst these tensions, some Syrians have voiced concern over the HTS-led government. While the new administration promises inclusivity, skeptics worry about its commitment to freedoms for both minorities and more secular citizens. Sheikh Adham al-khatib, a Shiite representative, acknowledged fears within his community rekindled by the resurging violence, despite initial reassurances from the current leadership.
Damascus streets recently witnessed contrasting demonstrations: some in support of security forces and others opposing the violence against them. Malak al Shanawani, a feminist activist, was moved by the loss of lives in the conflict, including members of an Alawite family. The opposition and former regime now find themselves in community and sometimes disagreement about their collective future.
At a vigil, Syrians from different sects attempted to come together, denouncing any form of incitement while promoting unity. However, underlying tensions led to confrontations, highlighting the fragile nature of Syria’s social fabric.
Despite the chaos, there were moments of unity where people sang in solidarity, underlining a shared desire for a peaceful Syria. But as the environment grew tense, authorities resorted to gunfire in the air to control the crowds, demonstrating the delicate balance between newfound freedom and ongoing strife.
As Syrians look to the future, they face immense challenges and uncertainties. The transition from prolonged authoritarian rule offers hope but is fraught with difficulties, both internally and from external influences. Yet, amidst it all, there remains a collective aspiration to forge a future that honors Syria’s diverse and resilient spirit.