Virginia lawmaker Jackie Glass reflected on her initial experience in the Legislature, noting that she was given advice on which individuals to avoid socializing with, especially at events involving alcohol, owing to concerns of inappropriate behavior. Addressing the male House speaker, she noted the likelihood that he had not received a similar advisory. Glass’s comments highlighted ongoing issues of sexual misconduct within the Statehouse, a problem that persists despite the widespread influence of the #MeToo movement since 2017.
The #MeToo movement brought to light numerous allegations of sexual misconduct across a wide range of professions, from politics to entertainment. This movement shed light on the toxic environments where such behavior was normalized and ignored. In response, state legislatures across the country instituted or strengthened policies addressing sexual misconduct. This cultural shift, along with an increase in the number of female lawmakers, has altered some perceptions of statehouses as inherently male-dominated spaces.
Nevertheless, allegations of misconduct continue to emerge on state and national levels. Glass questioned the wisdom of encouraging women to enter legislative roles, expressing concern about the persistent dangers irrespective of evolving policies. An investigation revealed that since 2017, approximately 147 state lawmakers in 44 states have been accused of acts of sexual harassment or misconduct. The fallout for those accused varied—some faced resignation or expulsion, while others lost key positions or faced committee leadership removal. Additionally, a dozen high-level state executives faced similar allegations, most of whom resigned.
While the initial years following the #MeToo movement saw a significant rise in allegations, new cases continue to surface annually. In 2024 alone, 14 state lawmakers from 12 states faced accusations, illustrating the enduring nature of the issue. Organizations such as the National Women’s Defense League have noted that both Republican and Democratic lawmakers are implicated, with the vast majority of accused individuals being male.
A survey covering legislative chambers revealed that approximately half had updated their sexual harassment policies in recent years. For instance, Nevada expanded its harassment definitions, while Kentucky addressed ethical misconduct, specifically following a secret settlement involving lawmakers. Initially, many chambers did not mandate harassment training; however, most now provide training, albeit with variability in its implementation.
Transparency in policy and legislative efforts to combat sexual harassment, however, remains inconsistent. Some legislative bodies declined to disclose their harassment policies, citing confidentiality, while others like California sought independent bodies to investigate claims. Lawmakers remain divided on whether significant differences have been made post-#MeToo. Some, like Pennsylvania Rep. Abby Major, believe the increased scrutiny fosters improved behavior amongst male colleagues.
Despite positive developments, sexism and barriers remain, particularly in male-dominated chambers. Instances like Georgia’s state Rep. Shea Roberts’s resignation as caucus treasurer reflect ongoing struggles against entrenched biases. Reporting misconduct continues to be challenging, affected by procedural hesitations and potential career repercussions. Investigative practices vary, often handled internally unless third-party intervention is permitted.
The procedural and cultural changes necessitated by the #MeToo movement have empowered women to seek justice, though reporting remains fraught with personal and professional risks. Public accusations can lead to significant personal upheaval and career disruption, as experienced by individuals such as Gabrielle Brock.
Despite two-thirds of state lawmakers being male, the impact of the #MeToo movement has prompted some men to engage in discussions to address misconduct. There is a growing recognition of the need to rectify inappropriate behavior rather than shifting blame. Advocates stress that hostile environments discourage female political participation, while persistent challenges highlight the unfinished work of the #MeToo campaign.
While there are signs of progress, complete cultural transformation within legislative bodies will take sustained effort and commitment. Challenges remain, including addressing severe allegations at high levels of government which suggest societal complacency regarding misconduct. It is crucial that momentum from the #MeToo movement continues to ensure lasting change.