NAPLES, Italy — Renowned around the world for its culinary delights, vibrant music, and rich cultural heritage, the southern Italian city of Naples is also home to a unique tradition that captivates both locals and tourists: the cornicello. This iconic amulet symbolizes prosperity, love, and good fortune, making it a popular choice for couples during Valentine’s Day celebrations.
The cornicello, characterized by its small horn shape, stands as a guardian against the evil eye, while also embodying themes of fertility and strength. Its distinct red hue is regarded as a potent shield against negativity. In line with the age-old superstition, the cornicello must adhere to specific traditions to ensure its effectiveness. The most crucial guideline is that it should always be given as a gift, which is why it has become a favored present exchanged between lovers during Valentine’s Day, frequently adorned with heart motifs.
The origin of this amulet can be traced back to Greek and Roman mythology, where its horn shape and red color symbolize Priapus, the deity of male fertility. Local artisans take great care in crafting these cornicelli, using materials such as red coral, terracotta, and precious metals like gold and silver. An essential aspect of the cultural tradition is that the cornicello must possess a porous quality, allowing it to absorb negative energies and shield loved ones from harm.
Delia D’Alessandro, 30, who heads a small workshop called Cosmos situated in the bustling San Gregorio Armeno street, emphasizes the importance of authenticity. “The genuine cornicello has to be handmade in Naples,” she asserts. Alongside her sister Serena, they uphold the family legacy their parents, Vicenzo and Rosaria, established, proudly operating their business in the historic heart of the city.
“This is a wonderful way to keep our family tradition alive and contribute to the city we cherish,” Serena expresses as she meticulously paints the terracotta horns crafted by a team of dedicated young artisans.
The deep-rooted culture of Naples finds expression in the work of local sculptor and painter Lello Esposito, 67, who views the red horn as a powerful emblem. Beginning his artistic journey in the lively streets of Naples, he gained recognition selling handmade puppets portraying Pulcinella, a celebrated figure in Neapolitan theatre.
Esposito showcases the significance of the cornicello by pointing to a monumental red-horn sculpture filling his studio at the Scuderie Sansevero, a grand palace in Naples’ historic district. “This is the original horn that inspired the ones found in shopfronts throughout the city,” he remarks. “Red symbolizes passion,” he adds, reflecting on his study of the interplay between contemporary art and popular traditions.
Furthermore, Esposito notes that this ancient symbol has roots extending back over two millennia. “When people think of Pompeii, they often recall the phallic symbols that were prominently displayed in the local shops. The horn embodies a similar essence.” His artwork, inspired by the quintessential symbols of Naples, is not only appreciated locally but has also captured global audiences—recently, one of his monumental horns graced the exhibits at the Bangkok Art Biennale.
