NEW DELHI — Indian authorities took significant action on Monday in response to a drastic increase in air pollution, deemed the worst of the season. Schools were closed, construction activities were halted, and non-essential trucks were prohibited from entering New Delhi in an effort to combat the toxic smog that has engulfed the city, home to approximately 33 million residents.
The air quality in New Delhi deteriorated to the “severe” category, as reported by SAFAR, the primary environmental monitoring agency in the country. The agency tracks levels of fine particulate matter that can penetrate deep into the lungs and are linked to severe health issues. Residents awoke to a disconcerting sight: a thick haze concealed famous landmarks and skyscrapers, with low visibility prompting airlines to issue delays.
Pollution levels in particular areas of the city surpassed the World Health Organization’s recommended safe limits by more than 50 times. Projections indicate that poor air quality is expected to persist throughout the week, compounding the ongoing concern for public health. In northern India, air pollution tends to escalate each year during winter months, primarily due to farmers burning crop residue after harvest. These fires coincide with cooler temperatures that trap smoke, which is then propelled into urban areas, exacerbated by vehicle emissions. Additionally, emissions from industrial activities and coal combustion for electricity generation have contributed to the alarming rise in pollution levels in recent weeks.
As part of immediate measures, classes for all grades—except for 10th and 12th—have shifted to online formats. The government has also imposed a ban on all trucks entering the city, with exceptions made only for those transporting essential goods. Older diesel vehicles have been restricted from city access, and all construction operations have been suspended. Officials strongly advised vulnerable groups, including children, senior citizens, and individuals with health conditions, to limit outdoor activities to protect their health.
In the days prior, farmers in the neighboring state of Uttar Pradesh had engaged in field burning, releasing substantial amounts of smoke that likely drifted into New Delhi, worsening air quality. Nevertheless, some residents continued their routines, including morning walks in popular locations like Lodhi Garden, despite the hazardous atmosphere.
The escalating pollution crisis provoked widespread indignation on social media, with many residents expressing their distress over experiencing headaches and severe coughing, likening the city’s atmosphere to “apocalyptic” conditions or a “gas chamber.” Calls for decisive action to address the public health emergency have intensified, with various studies estimating that pollution-related ailments are responsible for over a million deaths annually in India.
Authorities have previously implemented similar measures, such as using water sprinklers and anti-smog equipment to mitigate the crisis. However, critics argue the need for more sustainable and long-term strategies to effectively reduce pollution levels rather than relying on temporary fixes that merely address the symptoms of a deeper issue.