In a historic move to bolster its military capabilities, Japan successfully conducted a domestic missile test for the first time Tuesday. The test was aimed at demonstrating Japan’s commitment to enhancing its defense apparatus against potential threats, particularly from China. The test involved the Type 88 surface-to-ship missile, which was fired at the Shizunai Anti-Air Firing Range located on the northern island of Hokkaido. The missile, a training version, targeted an unmanned vessel situated about 40 kilometers off the island’s southern coastline.
Historically, Japan has conducted its missile tests abroad, primarily in the United States and Australia, where ample space and facilities accommodate such exercises without the constraints present on Japanese soil. The decision to conduct the test domestically marks a strategic shift in Japan’s defense policy, aiming for greater self-reliance.
Despite the success of the test, the exercise met resistance from local protesters who gathered near a nearby military camp. They expressed concerns that such tests might heighten regional tensions and potentially drag Japan into conflicts. Nevertheless, the military plans an additional test before the week’s end.
Japan’s decision to push forward with its military capabilities is underscored by growing regional tensions and its strategic positioning against China’s increased military assertiveness. Additionally, Japan is wary of joint military exercises conducted by China and Russia in proximity to its shores, as well as ongoing territorial disputes with Russia.
The country is navigating a significant shift from its post-World War II pacifist stance — which restricted military action to self-defense — by implementing a comprehensive security strategy. This strategy, rolled out in 2022, identified China as Japan’s primary strategic challenge while emphasizing the importance of a strong Japan-U.S. defense alliance.
As part of this strategy, Japan is working towards deploying long-range missiles, including U.S.-made Tomahawk cruise missiles. Additionally, Japan is also developing the Type 12 surface-to-ship missiles, which boast a range of approximately 1,000 kilometers, significantly extending its reach beyond that of the Type 88 missile.
The truck-mounted Type 88 missile, designed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, currently has a range of about 100 kilometers. Meanwhile, Japan is also exploring the creation of a missile-firing range on the uninhabited Minamitorishima island in the western Pacific. This area recently witnessed joint operations by two Chinese aircraft carriers, signaling a region of strategic interest.