One hundred sixty years have passed since enslaved individuals in Galveston, Texas, came to know of their emancipation—this occurred post-Civil War and a full two years after President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The resulting Juneteenth holiday, a blend of “June” and “nineteenth,” has gained significant prominence over the past century and a half. In 2021, President Joe Biden declared Juneteenth a federal holiday, extending its recognition beyond the confines of Black American communities.
This year marks the first Juneteenth during Donald Trump’s second term as President, an administration noted for banning diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives within the federal ranks. This policy shift has included the removal of Black American history content from government web portals. The Trump administration has also discouraged some federal bodies from recognizing celebrations tied to other racial heritages. Despite this, many anticipate having the day off from work, with a diverse array of street festivals, fairs, concerts, and other events slated throughout the week leading to the holiday. However, the prevailing political climate may leave some questioning if their employers will honor the observance.
“I do not believe anyone should be intimidated or coerced into not celebrating the day,” stated Marc Morial, the National Urban League’s CEO and president. “I haven’t heard of anyone being refused. It would be outrageously reprehensible if that were the case.”
For those not previously acquainted or wishing to refresh their knowledge, questions about the “right” way to celebrate Juneteenth might arise. For newcomers and those revisiting their history, here are some insights:
Juneteenth’s dual nature—solemn remembrance or festive celebration—is individually defined. Traditionally rooted in cookouts and picnics, Juneteenth is celebrated as the true Independence Day for Black Americans, initially serving as large, joyous reunions for families long separated under slavery’s harsh yoke. These gatherings were revolutionary in allowing liberated individuals to congregate without the “Black Codes” constraints that were enforced within Confederate borders. Last year, celebrations kicked off early with a concert on the White House’s South Lawn, commemorating both Juneteenth and Black Music Month. The atmosphere exuded festivity, with Vice President Kamala Harris visibly enjoying the music on stage. While plans for this year’s official events are yet undecided, options exist for observance through community service, education panels, or simply reflecting on history.
For those new to this occasion, embracing Juneteenth’s traditions can offer a chance to engage with American history’s multifaceted narrative. Dr. David Anderson, a Black pastor and CEO of Gracism Global, disclosed that Juneteenth was not a part of his personal history until his 30s. For many African Americans, particularly those living further from Texas, large Juneteenth celebrations were not commonplace, as the holiday’s observance varies throughout the South depending on when different states learned of their emancipation.
A variety of public events mark Juneteenth across the country, from carnivalesque festivals with parades, food vendors, and arts, to educational panels on the holiday’s history. Concerts and fashion shows highlight and celebrate the creativity in Black American culture. A notable feature is that the National Park Service allows free entry into all sites on this holiday.
Decorations for Juneteenth often involve the Pan-African flag, symbolizing the struggle, heritage, and connection to Africa, or the specialized Juneteenth flag created by activist Ben Haith. This flag mirrors American colors to symbolize the freedom of slaves who are also citizens, featuring a singular white star in homage to the holiday’s origins in Texas.
In terms of cuisine, the color red is symbolic, reflected in foods such as barbecued meats, red velvet cakes, and drinks like fruit punch, integrating historic symbolism with celebratory meals. Although mainstream retailers may not emphasize Juneteenth merchandise prominently this year, Marc Morial sees this as an opportunity to support African American entrepreneurs and promote meaningful interaction with the holiday.
For individuals not of Black descent, engaging in Juneteenth celebrations can serve as a bridge to deeper understanding and inclusivity. Dr. Karida Brown of Emory University encourages the acknowledgment of this history as part of a shared identity. “I challenge non-Black folks who want to engage with Juneteenth,” Brown noted. “This is all our history… the story of emancipation.” Newcomers to the holiday can recognize it by saying “Happy Juneteenth” or “Happy Teenth,” in the same vein as widely shared greetings during other major holidays.
Throughout the years, Juneteenth has gathered a multitude of names—Freedom Day, Emancipation Day, Black Fourth of July, and others. The significance lies in recognizing and celebrating freedom not granted during America’s original Independence Day in 1776, reflecting a narrative of historical justice and remembrance still resonating deeply today.