Dr. Zerelda Esquer Garrigos’s journey into the world of microbiology began during her time in medical school when she came across a 1926 text detailing microbial discovery. She expressed, “I was fascinated by the idea that there are countless ‘worlds’ within our own – microorganisms that coexist with us, often without our awareness, yet some can cause disease.” Inspired by Paul de Kruif’s scientific work, she dedicated herself to understanding these organisms and their effects on human health. Currently, Dr. Esquer Garrigos serves as an assistant professor of infectious diseases at the University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine in Jackson, where she co-directs the hospital’s Transplant Infectious Diseases Program alongside her husband, Dr. Prakhar Vijayvargiya. The couple welcomed their newborn son, Rohan, in June.
Dr. Esquer Garrigos specializes in managing infections in patients with compromised immune systems, including those who have undergone organ and bone marrow transplants. “I am particularly focused on treating patients with heart transplants and cardiovascular devices, as they are prone to complex, infection-related issues,” she stated. With a baby now in the house, she is particularly vigilant about common illnesses such as colds and flu, which are more prevalent in colder months when people are indoors and in closer contact with one another. In light of this, she shared her insights on health precautions for the season, contributing to “The Experts Say,” an American Heart Association News series where specialists discuss their personal applications of their expertise.
Among the most vital steps to avoid illness during cold and flu season, she emphasized the importance of practicing good hand hygiene, especially washing hands with soap and water after touching shared surfaces, which significantly helps reduce the transmission of viruses. She also recommended steering clear of large crowds, especially in enclosed spaces where germs can easily spread. Being cautious around sick individuals and limiting close contact is also crucial. Moreover, she highlighted the significance of staying updated on vaccinations, such as the flu vaccine, which provides an essential layer of protection during this period.
Dr. Esquer Garrigos discussed the necessity of certain annual vaccinations, particularly the flu shot, which mitigates the risk of illness and lessens severity when contraction occurs. Additionally, she pointed out the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine, especially with the emergence of new variants. Keeping up with COVID vaccinations helps protect against severe illness and safeguards the people around you. She also mentioned the RSV vaccine for respiratory illnesses as a vital preventive measure, particularly for older adults and those with pre-existing health conditions. These vaccines, she noted, work together to provide robust defense against common viral infections at this time of year.
Reflecting on the lessons learned during the pandemic about hand hygiene, she noted the historical reluctance even among medical professionals to accept the importance of hand washing, a breakthrough attributed to Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis in the 19th century. “Regular hand washing is one of the simplest yet most effective ways to prevent the spread of infections,” she advised. Any ordinary soap, whether bar or liquid, is effective, provided one washes thoroughly for at least 20 seconds, covering all surfaces. She cautioned against the use of antibacterial soaps for everyday use since they could promote antibiotic resistance, recommending regular soap instead, while also avoiding harsh soaps that can irritate the skin.
When it comes to microorganisms that pique her interest, Dr. Esquer Garrigos expressed a particular fascination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She described its intricate ability to form infections while evading the immune system and antibiotic treatments. The bacterium’s capacity to evolve and develop resistance during treatment exemplifies natural selection, a compelling aspect of evolutionary biology. She acknowledged that the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic heightened awareness of various pathogens but affirmed her motivation to continually learn about current and emerging microorganisms. Although becoming a parent brought added responsibility regarding infection control, her commitment to understanding the microbial world only intensified.
As a new mother, Dr. Esquer Garrigos’s approach to health safety has adapted to include extra precautions. She wears masks in clinical settings and bustling areas to limit exposure to airborne pathogens, practices frequent hand washing, and uses hand sanitizers as needed. She has also limited attendance at large indoor gatherings and ensures that visitors to her home are symptom-free. Additionally, she remains alert to any symptoms she might develop, opting to isolate should the need arise.
In her professional life, Dr. Esquer Garrigos thrives amidst a collaborative team, which includes transplant surgeons, pharmacists, and hospitalists. She finds joy in leveraging her expertise to improve patient outcomes, often intertwining her professional and personal life by discussing medical cases with her husband over dinner. Moreover, she is proactive about avoiding mosquito bites, which can transmit diseases, and refrains from eating raw foods.
After returning from maternity leave, she expressed the joy that Rohan has brought to her life. Although the challenges of motherhood can be demanding, she feels invigorated by the experience. “Being a doctor and a researcher is fulfilling, but being a mom is the most rewarding role I have taken on,” she reflected. She is eager to share her passion for microorganisms with her child, hopeful that Rohan will inherit her enthusiasm for the invisible world around us.